Dental Neuroimaging: The Role of the Brain in Oral Functions

Preface

Introduction to students and instructors

Acknowledgements

About the Companion Website

List of figures

List of tables

List of boxes

List of abbreviations

Part I - Methods of Neuroimaging and Assessment of Oral Functions      1[MT1] 

1 Introduction to Neuroimaging and the Brain-Stomatognathic Axis                                                       3

1.1 Why do dentists need to understand the brain?          3

1.2 What is neuroimaging?           7

1.3 How does neuroimaging contribute to clinical practice?           14

1.4 The brain-stomatognathic axis            17

2 Assessment of Human Brain using MRI               27

2.1 Pros and cons of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain      27

2.2 Research of task-based functional activation 33

2.3 Research of structural features of the brain   42

2.4 Research of brain connectivity            50

3 Assessment of Oral Function    69

3.1 Assessment of masticatory and swallowing performance         69

3.2 Assessment of orofacial pain and somatosensory experience 79

3.3 Assessment of cognitive functions and emotional experience 90

Part II - Neuroimaging Research of Brain Mechanisms of Oral Functions                107

4 Brain Mechanisms of Oral Motor Functions       109

4.1 Introduction of brain mechanisms of motor control   109

4.2 Brain mechanisms of human mastication        117

4.3 Brain mechanisms of human swallowing         127

4.4 Cognitive processing and motor learning of oromotor movement        134

5 Brain mechanisms of Oral Sensory Functions     151

5.1 Brain mechanisms of oral somatosensory processing 151

5.2 Brain mechanisms of gustation           160

5.3 Cognitive-affective issues of oral sensory functions    165

5.4 Brain mechanisms of multisensory integration             174

6 Brain Mechanisms of Pain and Anxiety of Dental Patients           189

6.1 Brain mechanisms related to pain      189

6.2 Chronic pain, neural plasticity, and central sensitization           198

6.3 Brain mechanisms of chronic orofacial pain   205

6.4 Brain mechanisms of dental fear and anxiety 217

Part III - Translational Research of Dental Neuroimaging              243

7 Age-related Differences in the Brain-Stomatognathic Axis           245

7.1 Age-related differences in brain mechanisms                245

7.2 Age-related changes in oral sensorimotor functions   252

7.3 Association between the brain and oral functions in older people        262

7.4 Association between oral conditions and neurodegenerative disorders             269

8 Brain Mechanisms of Adaptation of Oral Sensorimotor Functions            295

8.1 Brain plasticity and adaptation            295

8.2 Adaptation of pain and oral sensory functions              301

8.3 Functional adaptation of mastication and swallowing               310

8.4 Brain plasticity associated with oral functional training            315

9 A Synthesis between Neuroimaging and Oral Healthcare            327

9.1 Assessment of individual differences in brain-stomatognathic axis      327

9.2 Future direction of neuroimaging in oral neuroscience             333

Index