Percutaneous Absorption Drugs, Cosmetics, Mechanisms, Methods

Chapter 1 Molecular structure and function of the skin barrier

Lars Norlén

Chapter 2 Mathematical Models in Percutaneous Absorption

Michael S. Roberts and Yuri G. Anissimov

Chapter 3 In Vivo Percutaneous Absorption: A Key Role for Stratum Corneum/ Vehicle Partitioning

André Rougier

Chapter 4 The Skin Reservoir for Topically Applied Solutes

Michael S. Roberts, Sheree E. Cross, and Yuri G. Anissimov

Chapter 5 Chemical Partitioning into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum: A Useful In Vitro Model for Studying Interaction of Chemicals and Human Skin

Xiao-Ying Hui and Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 6  Variations of Hair Follicle Size and Distribution in Different Body Sites

Nina Otberg, Heike Richter, Hans Schaefer, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Wolfram Sterry, and Jürgen Lademann

Chapter 7 In Vivo Relationship Between Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss

André Rougier, Claire Lotte, Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 8 The correlation between transepidermal water loss and percutaneous absorption: An updated overview

Marjan Koosha Johnson, Jacquelyn Levin*, and Howard Maibach

Chapter 9 Human Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Correlation

Howard I.Maibach

Chapter 10 Evaluation of Stratum Corneum Heterogeneity

Gerald B. Kasting, Matthew A. Miller, and Priya S. Talreja

Chapter 11 Regional Variation in Percutaneous Absorption: Principles and Applications to Human Risk Assessment

Ronald C. Wester and Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 12 Effects of Anatomical Location on In Vivo Percutaneous Penetration in Man

Jordan L Bormann and Howard Maibach

Chapter 13 Interrelationships in the Dose-Response of Percutaneous Absorption

Ronald C. Wester and Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 14 Effects of Occlusion: Percutaneous Absorption

Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 15 Occlusion Does Not Uniformly Enhance Penetration In Vivo

Daniel Bucks and Howard Maibach

Chapter 16 Effect of Single vs. Multiple Dosing in Percutaneous Absorption

Howard I.Maibach

Chapter 17 Influence of formulation on topical and transdermal drug delivery

Heather A.E Benson, Hamid R. Moghimi, Jeffrey E. Grice and Michael S. Roberts

Chapter 18 In Vitro Release from Semisolid Dosage Forms—What Is Its Value?

Vinod P Shah

Chapter 19 Understanding Skin Metabolism: Effect on Altering In Vitro Skin Absorption and Bioavailability of Topically Applied Chemicals

Jeffrey J. Yourick and Margaret E.K. Kraeling

Chapter 20 Phenomenon of Lateral Spread in Percutaneous Penetration

Rebecca M. Law, Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 21 Clinically Pertinent Factors/Observations Affecting Percutaneous Absorption in Humans

Rebecca M Law, Mai A Ngo, Howard I Maibach

Chapter 22 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixtures

Jim E. Riviere

Chapter 23 Dermal Decontamination and Percutaneous Absorption

Howard I.Maibach

Chapter 24 Skin Decontaminartion

Annick Roul, Howard HI Maibach

Chapter 25 Chemical Warfare Agent VX Penetration Through Military Uniform and Human Skin: Risk Assessment and Decontamination

Howard I.Maibach

Chapter 26 Percutaneous Absorption of Hazardous Chemicals from Fabric into and Through Human Skin

Howard I.Maibach

Chapter 27 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Fabric (Textile)

Jordan L Bormann, Ayse Sermin Filiz Acipayam and Howard I Maibach

Chapter 28 The Fate of Material Remaining in Skin in In Vitro Absorption Studies

Margaret E.K. Kraeling and Jeffrey J. Yourick

Chapter 29 Skin Absorption of Hair Dyes

Margaret E.K. Kraeling and Jeffrey J. Yourick

Chapter 30 Hair Dye Penetration in Monkey and Man

Leszek J. Wolfram and Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 31 Percutaneous Absorption of Sunscreens

Heather A.E. Benson, Yousuf H. Mohammed, Kenneth A. Walters and Michael S. Roberts

Chapter 32 Sunscreen Percutaneous Penetration in Vivo in Man

Pranav Vasu and Howard Maibach

Chapter 33 Cutaneous Metabolism of Xenobiotics

Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 34 Chemical modification: an important and feasible method for improving peptide and protein dermal and transdermal delivery

Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi, Hamid R. Moghimia, Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 35 Enchancing Percutaneous Penetration of Oligonucleotide Drugs

Howard I. Maibach and Myeong Jun Choi

Chapter 36 Use of Microemulsions for Topical Drug Delivery

Efrem N. Tessema, Sandra Heuschkel, Anuj Shukla, and Reinhard H. H. Neubert

Chapter 37 Transdermal Delivery of Vesicular Nanocarriers Under Electrical Potential

Ebtessam A. Essa , Gamal M. El Maghraby, Michael C. Bonner and Brian W. Barry

Chapter 38 Nanocarriers and physical methods

Nina Dragicevic

Chapter 39 Assessment of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Melissa Kirkby, Kurtis J. Moffatt, Aaron. R.J. Hutton, Inken Ramöeller, Peter E. McKenna, Marco T.A. Abbate, Sarah A. Stewart, Ryan F. Donnelly

Chapter 40 Clinical Testing of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Raja K. Sivamani, Gabriel C. Wu, Boris Stoeber, Dorian Liepmann, Hongbo Zhai and Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 41 Delivery of drugs, vaccines, and cosmeceuticals to skin using microneedle patches

Yasmine Gomaa and Mark R. Prausnitz

Chapter 42 Mirconeedle dermatotoxicology

Boen Wang

Chapter 43 Transdermal Transport by sonophoresis

Laurent Machet and Alain Boucaud

Chapter 44 Effect of Tape Stripping on Percutaneous Penetration and Topical Vaccination

Howard I.Maibach, Myeong Jun Choi and Harald Löffler

Chapter 45 Transcutaneous Delivery of Drugs by Electroporation

Shivakumar H Najappa, S.Narasimha Murthy

Chapter 46 IONTOPHORESIS IN PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT

Taís Gratieri, Yogeshvar N. Kalia

Chapter 47 VEHICLES AND TOPICAL THERAPY

Christian Surber

Chapter 48 The role of in vitro skin models in optimization of dermal drug delivery

Gøril Eide Flaten and Željka Vanić and Nataša Škalko-Basnet

Chapter 49 Effects of phospholipids on skin: use of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts as 2D cell culture models

Claudia Vater, Claudia Valenta, Victoria Klang

Chapter 50 Human cadaver skin viability for in vitro percutaneous absorption: storage and detrimental effects …

Ronald C. Wester, Julie Christoffel, Tracy Hartway, Nicholas Poblete, Howard I. Maibach and James Forsell

Chapter 51 Determination of Percutaneous Absorption by In Vitro Techniques

Margaret E.K. Kraeling and Jeffrey J. Yourick

Chapter 52 Stripping Method for Measuring Percutaneous Absorption In Vivo

André Rougier, Claire Lotte, Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 53 Tape Stripping – Technique and Applications

Rebekka Christmann, Anne S. Raber, Ulrich F. Schaefer, Ana Melero and Brigitta Loretz

Chapter 54 Blood flow as technology in percutaneous absorption

Ethel Tur

Chapter 55 Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy in the assessment of skin barrier function and drug penetration

Jacqueline Resende de Azevedo, Yuri Dancik, Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger, Stéphanie Briançon, Yves Chevalier

Chapter 56 Microscopy methods for assessing percutaneous drug penetration

Miko Yamada, Peter Hoffmann and Tarl Prow

Chapter 57 Dermal sampling techniques with focus on dermal Open Flow Microperfusion

Thomas Birngruber, Beate Boulgaropoulos, Frank Sinner

Chapter 58 Dermal-epidermal Separation Methods: Research Implications

Ying Zou

Chapter 59 Use of Skin Absorption Data in the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients

Jeffrey J. Yourick and Margaret E.K. Kraeling

Chapter 60 BIOEQUIVALENCE, PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENCE AND BIOWAIVERS – TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS FOR LOCAL ACTION

Isadore Kanfer

Chapter 61 In Vitro Human Nail Model To Evaluate Ungual Absorption and Transungual Delivery

Xaoying Hui, Howard I. Maibach

Chapter 62 Drug Permeation through Burn Eschar: Possibilities and Improvements

Hamid R. Moghimi, Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi, Howard I. Maibach