Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine 5E

Edited by Robert Davidson, Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Andrew J. Brent, Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Oxford University Hospitals, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK, Anna C. Seale, Associate Professor, Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellow, Deputy Director for Research, UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, and Lucille Blumberg, Professor, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service University of Pretoria

Robert Davidson trained in South Africa and UK, and worked as a specialist in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine at Northwick Park Hospital from 1992-2019.

Andrew Brent studied Medicine at Cambridge and Oxford before pursuing further medical training in London and Oxford. As a Wellcome Trust Fellow in Clinical Tropical Medicine he worked for several years at the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Programme in Kenya before returning to the UK. He is currently Consultant and Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer in Infectious Diseases in Oxford, UK. His research interests include the epidemiology and diagnosis of tuberculosis and invasive bacterial infections.

Anna Seale trained in paediatrics, and subsequently epidemiology and public health, with a focus on infectious diseases. She currently leads the research programme of the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, as Deputy Director for Research. This is a collaboration between the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and Public Health England to support response to infectious disease outbreaks worldwide. She is a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellow, and through this she is investigating the aetiology of maternal infection and its association with stillbirth in Ethiopia (Haramaya University) and Kenya (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme). Her work in Ethiopia is based at a new Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance site, which she initiated in 2017, developing a partnership between LSHTM and Haramaya University.

Professor Lucille Blumberg is a Deputy Director at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), of the National Health Laboratory Service, and founding head of the Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response. She is currently medical consultant to the Division for Outbreak Preparedness and Response (incudes Travel medicine Unit) and also medical consultant to the Centre for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases where her major focus is on malaria, rabies and zoonotic diseases and travel - related infections. She has worked on a number of outbreaks including rabies, avian influenza, cholera, typhoid, and the Lujo virus. She is a medical graduate of the University of the Witwatersrand, an Associate Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology at the University of Stellenbosch, and lecturer in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. University Of Pretoria, South Africa. She has specialist qualifications in clinical microbiology, travel medicine, and infectious diseases.

Elizabeth Ashley
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Leptospirosis)
Director of Clinical Research, Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Yangon Myanmar; and Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , UK

James A. Berkley
Chapter 17 Nutrition
Professor of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Caryn Bern
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (American Trypanosomiasis)
Professor, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, USA

Margaret Borok
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Cancer)
Professor of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe

Helen Brotherton
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Fever and Sepsis)
Assistant Professor; Doctoral Researcher, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London; Honorary Consultant Paediatrician, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh

Rosie Burton
Chapter 3 HIV medicine
Advanced HIV Senior Clinical Advisor, Southern Africa Medical Unit, MSF

Tim Campion-Smith
Chapter 17 Nutrition
Paediatrics trainee, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Francois Chappuis
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Visceral leishmaniasis)
Head of Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Division of tropical and humanitarian medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

Cecilia Chung
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Rheumatology)
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

John Crump
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Typhoid & Paratyphoid)
Adjunct Professor, University of Otago, New Zealand, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, USA

Joel Dave
Chapter 12 Endocrine disorders
Associate Professor; Head, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetic Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa

David N Durrheim
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Measles)
Professor of Public Health Medicine, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia

Michael Eddleston
Chapter 21 Poisoning and envenoming
Professor of Clinical Toxicology, Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Edinburgh, UK

John Frean
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Rickettsioses, Ehrlichia, Bartonella, and Coxiella, Brucellosis, African Trypanosomiasis)
Associate Professor, Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases; and Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Niharendu Ghara
Chapter 11 Haematology
Principal Clinical Research Associate, UCL Institute of Child Health, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UCL, UK

Sara Ghorashian
Chapter 11 Haematology
Honorary Senior Lecturer, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

Steve Graham
Chapter 5 Chest medicine
Professor of International Child Health, Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia

Kevin Griffith
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Plague)
Associate Professor, Public Health, Fort Lewis College

Charlotte Hanlon
Chapter 19 Mental health
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Clinical senior lecturer, Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK

Peter Horby
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Arboviruses & Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses)
Professor of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford, UK

Ana Houston
Chapter 3 HIV medicine
Doctor, HOPE, Cape Town, South Africa

Patrick Howlett
Chapter 4 Tuberculosis
Academic Clinical Fellow, Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK

Vivekanand Jha
Chapter 9 Renal Medicine
Executive Director, George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Kelsey D J Jones
Chapter 7 Gastroenterology
Clinical Research Fellow, Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterolgy & Nutrition, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Jaap Karsten
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Infectious mononucleosis)
Paediatrics Advisor, Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Amsterdam

Aidan C Kingwill
Chapter 20 Trauma
Senior clinical fellow: Adult intensive care, John Radcliffe NHS hospital, Oxford, UK

Naomi Levitt
Chapter 12 Endocrine disorders
Division of Endocrinology & Diabetic Medicine University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Asnake Limenhe
Chapter 19 Mental health
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

Diana Lockwood
Chapter 10 Neurology
Professor of Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, UK

Shabir A. Madhi
Chapter 22 Immunization
Professor of Vaccinology, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases Research Chair, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;

Ben Marais
Chapter 4 Tuberculosis
Professor, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School; Deputy Director, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Senior Clinical Academic, The Children's Hospital at Westmead

Kevin Marsh
Chapter 2 Malaria
Professor of Tropical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK

Bongani Mayosi (deceased)
Chapter 8 Cardiovascular
The Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Rose McGready
Chapter 24 Obstetric Emergencies
Professor, Tropical Maternal & Child Health, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand

Tarek Meguid
Chapter 24 Obstetric Emergencies
Country Director and Chief Medical Officer, Village Health Works, Bujumbura, Burundi

Gopesh K Modi
Chapter 9 Renal Medicine
Nephrologist, Samarpan Noble Hospital, Bhopal, India

Elizabeth Molyneux
Chapter 1: Management of the sick child
Head of Paediatric Department, College of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Retired)

Eleonora Mutsaerts
Chapter 22 Immunization
Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Department of Science and Technology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;

Martha Mwangome
Chapter 17 Nutrition
Post-doctoral Scientist in Nutritional Epidemiology, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Charles Newton
Chapter 10 Neurology
Principal Investigator, KEMRI - Wellcome, Kenya; Professor of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK

Ntobeko Ntusi
Chapter 8 Cardiovascular
Chair and Head, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Bernadette O'Hare
Chapter 1: Management of the sick child
Honorary Professor of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.

Sharon Peacock
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Melioidosis)
Professor of Clinical Microbiology, University of Cambridge; Public Health England, UK

Erwan Pirioue
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Infectious mononucleosis)
Laboratory Advisor, Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Amsterdam

Marcus Rijken
Chapter 24 Obstetric Emergencies
Obstetrician, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands



Koert Ritmeijer
Chapter 23 Health emergencies in humanitarian crises
Coordinator Research, Public Health Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Ian Ross
Chapter 12 Endocrine disorders
Senior consultant endocrinologist, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetic Medicine University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Alex Salam
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Arboviruses & Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses)
Specialist Registrar in Infectious Disease and General Internal Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford, UK

Matt Scarborough
Chapter 15 Bone, joint and soft tissue infections
Consultant in Clinical Infection Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Microbiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Louise Sigfrid
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Arboviruses & Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses)
Clinical Research Fellow, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford, UK

Robert C Spencer
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Anthrax)
Consultant in Clinical & Environmental Microbiology Index Microbiology Ltd, Thornbury, UK

Charles Stein
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Rheumatology)
Professor of Medicine, Divisions of Rheumatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Zane Stevens
Chapter 12 Endocrine disorders
Consultant endocrinologist, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetic Medicine University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Nicole Stoesser
Chapter 25 Healthcare-associated infection, antimicrobial prescribing, and antimicrobial resistance
Clinical Lecturer in Infectious diseases, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Department of Microbiology (Research), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Nguyen Thi Hoan Mai
Chapter 10 Neurology
Clinical Physician, Senior Study doctor, Hospital For Tropical Diseases and Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam

Mary Warrell
Chapter 10 Neurology
Honorary research associate, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

David Warrell
Chapter 18 Multi-system diseases and infections (Relapsing Fevers);
Chapter 21 Poisoning and envenoming
International director, Royal College of Physicians, London; Emeritus Professor of Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Robert Weiss
Chapter 14 Dermatology
Dermatologist, Johannesburg, South Africa

Rob Wilkinson
Chapter 4 Tuberculosis
Wellcome Senior Fellow and Professor in Infectious Diseases, Imperial College; Group Leader, Francis Crick Institute; Honorary Professor in Life Sciences, University College London, UK; Honorary Professor in Medicine and Director, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa

Douglas A Wilkinson
Chapter 20 Trauma
Consultant Anaesthetist in Intensive Care Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals;
Associate Fellow, Green Templeton College, Oxford, UK

Henrietta Williams
Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Infections
Senior Lecturer In Sexual Health, University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne Australia

David Yorston
Chapter 13 Ophthalmology
Ophthalmologist, Glasgow, UK