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Paleomicrobiology of Humans

Paleomicrobiology of Humans
Paleomicrobiology of Humans
  • Συγγραφείς: Drancourt
  • ISBN: 9781555819163
  • Εκδότης: Wiley
  • Σελίδες: 212
  • Έτος Έκδοσης: 2016
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Only recently was it determined that two of the world's most devastating plagues, the plague of Justinian and the medieval Black Death, were caused by distinct strains of the same pathogen. Use of paleomicrobiological techniques led to this discovery. This work is just one example of the historical mysteries that this emerging field has helped to clarify. Others, such as when tuberculosis began to afflict humans, the role of lice in plague pandemics, and the history of smallpox, are explored and further illuminated in Paleomicrobiology of Humans.

Led by editors Michel Drancourt and Didier Raoult, the book's expert contributors address larger issues using paleomicrobiology. These include the recognition of human remains associated with epidemic outbreaks, identification of the graves of disasters, and the discovery of demographic structures that reveal the presence of an epidemic moment. In addition, the book reviews the technical approaches and controversies associated with recovering and sequencing very old DNA and surveys modern human diseases that have ancient roots.

Essentially, paleomicrobiologists aim to identify past epidemics at the crossroads of different specialties, including anthropology, medicine, molecular biology, and microbiology. Thus, this book is of great interest not only to microbiologists but to medical historians and anthropologists as well.

Paleomicrobiology of Humans is the first comprehensive book to examine so many aspects of this new, multidisciplinary, scientific field.


Table of Contents

Contributors vii

Introduction xi

Acknowledgments xiii

1 Demographic Patterns Distinctive of Epidemic Cemeteries in Archaeological Samples Dominique Castex Sacha Kacki 1

2 Characterization of the Funeral Groups Associated with Plague Epidemics Stéfan Tzortzis Michel Signoli 13

3 Paleogenetics and Past Infections: the Two Faces of the Coin of Human Immune Evolution Laurent Abi-Rached Didier Raoult 21

4 A Personal View of How Paleomicrobiology Aids Our Understanding of the Role of Lice in Plague Pandemics Didier Raoult 29

5 Sources of materials for Paleomicrobiology Gérard Aboudharam 39

6 Paleomicrobiology Data: Authentification and Interpretation Michel Drancourt 51

7 Human Coprolites as a Source for Paleomicrobiology Sandra Appelt Michel Drancourt Matthieu Le Bailly 59

8 Ancient Resistome Abiola Olamuyiwa Olaitain Jean-Marc Rolain 75

9 The History Of Epidemic Typhus Emmanouil Angelakis Yassina Bechah Didier Raoult 81

10 Paleopathology of Human Infections: Old Bones, Antique Books, Ancient and Modern Molecules Olivier Dutour 93

11 Past Bartonelloses Pierre-Edouard Fournier 107

12 Paleomicrobiology Of Human Tuberculosis Helen Donoghue 113

13 Paleomicrobiology of Leprosy Mark Spigelman Mauro Rubini 131

14 Past Intestinal Parasites Matthieu Le Bailly Adauto Araújo 143

15 Paleopathology and Paleomicrobiology of Malaria Andreas Nerlich 155

16 History of Smallpox and Its Spread in Human Populations Catherine Thèves Eric Crubézy Philippe Biagini 161

17 Cholera Donatella Lippi Eduardo Gotuzzo Saverio Caini 173

18 Human Lice in Paleoentomology and Paleomicrobiology Rezak Drali Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu Didier Raoult 181

Index 191

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Ετικέτες: Microbiology , Life Sciences