Reducing Mortality in Critically Ill Patients

Introduction

The 2nd edition of this book describes the recent techniques, strategies, and drugs that have been demonstrated by multicenter randomized trials to influence survival in critically ill, defined as those who have acute failure of at least one organ, due to either a pathological condition or a medical intervention, and require intensive care treatment. Each chapter focuses on a specific procedure, device, or drug. The scope is accordingly wide, with coverage of topics as diverse as noninvasive mechanical ventilation, protective ventilation, prone positioning, intravenous salbutamol in ARDS, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest, daily interruption of sedatives, tranexamic acid, diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin, albumin, growth hormone, glutamine supplementation, tight glucose control, supranormal oxygen delivery, and hydroxyethyl starch in sepsis. The topics selection was performed with the help of hundreds of specialists from dozens of countries; they expressed via web if they agreed or not with these topics and if they used them in their daily clinical practice. The clear text is supported by "how to do" sections and "key point" boxes that provide easily accessible practical information.
Written by acknowledged international experts, Reducing Mortality in Critically Ill Patients is of interest for a wide variety of specialists, including intensivists, emergency doctors, and anesthesiologists.

Front Matter
Pages i-xiii

Decision-Making in the Democracy Medicine Era: The Consensus Conference Process
Massimiliano Greco, Maria Luisa Azzolini, Giacomo Monti
Pages 1-11

Non-invasive Ventilation
Luca Cabrini, Margherita Pintaudi, Nicola Villari, Dario Winterton
Pages 13-24

High-Flow Nasal Cannulae
Carolina Soledad Romero Garcia, Esther Romero, Joaquín Moreno
Pages 25-32

Restrictive Inspiratory Oxygen Fraction
Antonio Pisano, Maria Venditto, Luigi Verniero
Pages 33-41

Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS
Antonio Pisano, Rosanna Buonomo, Teresa P. Iovino, Roberta Maj, Federico Masserini, Luigi Verniero
Pages 43-54

Early Tracheostomy
Federico Longhini, Eugenio Garofalo, Andrea Bruni
Pages 55-60

Pharmacological Management of Cardiac Arrest
Vladimir Lomivorotov, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Vladimir Boboshko
Pages 61-72

Non-pharmacological Management of Cardiac Arrest
Evgeny Fominskiy, Egor I. Zakharchenko, Valery A. Nepomniashchikh
Pages 73-79

Avoidance of Deep Sedation
Pasquale Nardelli, Stefano Fresilli, Marta Mucchetti
Pages 81-92

Hydrocortisone in Sepsis
Federico Longhini, Eugenio Garofalo, Andrea Bruni
Pages 93-98

Goal-Directed Therapy
Pasquale Nardelli, Giacomo Senarighi, Carmine D. Votta
Pages 99-106

Levosimendan in Cardiogenic Shock and Low Cardiac Output Syndrome
Vladimir Lomivorotov, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Vladimir Boboshko
Pages 107-114

Drugs in Myocardial Infarction
Margherita Tozzi, Martina Di Piazza, Paolo Meani
Pages 115-124

Tranexamic Acid in Trauma Patients
Annalisa Volpi, Silvia Grossi, Roberta Mazzani
Pages 125-133

Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Discontinuation
Marta Mucchetti, Nicolò Maimeri, Pasquale Nardelli
Pages 135-147

Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
Luciano Silvestri, Hendrick K. F. van Saene
Pages 149-156

Nutrition
Gianluca Paternoster, Giuseppina Opramolla, Juan Carlos Lopez-Delgado
Pages 157-170

ECMO and Survival
Marina Pieri, Anna Mara Scandroglio
Pages 171-175

Ultrasounds
Francesco Corradi, Ludovica Tecchi, Francesco Forfori
Pages 177-184

Alternative Medicine
Antonio Pisano, Manuela Angelone, Diana Di Fraja
Pages 185-191

Interventions Increasing Mortality
Laura Pasin, Nicolò Sella, Annalisa Boscolo
Pages 193-208

Conflicting Evidences
Cosimo Chelazzi, Zaccaria Ricci, Stefano Romagnoli
Pages 209-218

Latest Evidence
Chiara Sartini, Nicolò Maimeri, Alessandro Belletti
Pages 219-227

About the editors

Giovanni Landoni is currently Associate Professor at Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, where he works as Director Center for Intensive Care and Anesthesiology San Raffaele Scientific Institute. He participated to ideation, writing and implementation of more than 20 grants that got funding from national and international donors. He served as reviewer for over 50 journals (NEJM, JAMA, The Lancet, British Medical Journal, Circulation and Intensive Care Medicine among others) and for foreign grant agencies. Prof Landoni was Chief Investigator in successfully completed multicenter randomized clinical trials that enrolled > 5,000 critically ill or perioperative patients over the last 5 years and were published in the NEJM. He ideated, organized and published the findings of the innovative web based International Consensus Conferences with thousands of participants from over 70 countries.
Martina Baiardo Redaelli MD, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Physician at San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
   
Chiara Sartini MD, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Physician at San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
   
Alberto Zangrillo is Full Professor in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Head of Anesthesia and Intensive Care at San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, the largest Italian surgical hospital. He’s Vice-rector for clinical activities, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan and Chief Physician of San Raffaele Scientific Institute. Dr. Zangrillo is among the world’s top 10 fastest publishing clinical scientists in the field of intensive care and anesthes. He was Vice-Chairman of the National Research Committee (CNR) and Chairman of the IInd Committee of the Supreme Public Health Council. He was decorated with the title of Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by President of the Republic in June 2004 and with the title of Commander by President of the Republic, Giorgio Napolitano, in December 2010.
Rinaldo Bellomo is Director of Intensive Care Research at Austin Health, Director of the Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre of the University of Melbourne and of the Centre for Integrated Critical Care at the University of Melbourne and Co-Director of the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC). He is Professor of Intensive care with the University of Melbourne and Honorary Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, and holds further leading academic positions in Australia and overseas. In 2014, Professor Bellomo was named in Thomson Reuters the World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014. He has been on the list of most cited investigators in Medicine for the last 7 years.  In 2018 he received the Order of Australia for his contribution to Medicine. Professor Bellomo has published more than 1300 papers, written more than 180 book chapters, and edited 15 books in the field of intensive care medicine. He is Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care and Resuscitation. Over the past 10 years, he has been heavily involved in the design, execution, supervision, and publication of several large randomized controlled trials published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet and JAMA.