Textbook of Emergency Medicine Including Intensive Care & Trauma

Comprising nearly 2000 pages, this two volume set is a complete guide to the field of emergency medicine and critical care.

The second edition has been fully updated and new topics added, to provide the latest advances and information in the field.

Divided into 250 chapters, the book covers all aspects of emergency medicine, from prehospital and in-hospital care, to assessment and treatment of emergencies affecting different systems of the body and different sectors of the population, time-bound emergencies such as stroke and acute coronary syndrome, infectious diseases, disaster management including mass casualties, and analytical toxicology.

Authored by 250 expert authors, the comprehensive text is further enhanced by clinical photographs and figures.

The book includes full online access with an added feature of short answer questions (SAQs) and multiple choice questions (MCQs), as well as extensive references, at the end of each chapter, to assist with revision and exam preparation.

SECTION 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
1. Essential Qualities for Emergency Physician 1
K Hari Prasad
• Qualities of Good Emergency Physician 1 • Other Basic Skills 3
2. Designing and Staffing of Emergency Department 5
Saleh Fares, Omar Ghazanfar
• Challenges for Emergency Department in India 5 • Emergency Department Function 5
• Requirements for Creating New Infrastructure as Emergency Department 5
• General Considerations for Designing Emergency Department 6 • Other Requirements 6
• Patient Flow 7 • Dedicated Area within Emergency Department 7 • New Concepts in
Emergency Department Design 7 • Staffing Model for Emergency Department 7
• Deciding Factors for Staffing in Emergency 9 • Requirements of Emergency Physician for Emergency
Department 9 • Requirements of Staff Nurse in Emergency Department 9 • Emergency Medical
Technicians 9 • Staff for Minor Operation Theater 9 • Other Staff 9
3. Observation and Isolation Unit 11
Devendra Richhariya
• Observation Unit Design and Layout 11 • Protocol Development 12 • Observation Unit
Management 13 • Quality Assurance Process and Metrics 14 • Guidelines for Setting up an
Isolation Unit 14
4. Observation Medicine 18
M Rajadurai, Akmal Areeb, Devendra Richhariya
• Clinical Decision Rules 18 • Chest Pain 19 • Atrial Fibrillation 20
• Acute Heart Failure 20 • Syncope 20 • Venous Thromboembolism 20
• Acute Abdominal Pain 22 • Appendicitis 23 • Gastrointestinal Bleeding 25
• Acute Pancreatitis 26 • Transient Ischemic Attack/Minor Stroke 27 • Dizziness/Vertigo 28
• Back Pain 29 • Headache 29 • Seizures 32 • Asthma/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease 32 • Community-Acquired Pneumonia 33 • Infections 33 • Acute Traumatic
Conditions 34 • Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions 34 • Additional Clinical Conditions 34
5. Triaging 40
Devendra Richhariya
• Emergency Department Triaging 40 • Requirement for Triaging 40
• Triaging Scales 40 • Triaging Process 41 • Benefits of Triaging 42 • Early Warning Score 42
• Triage in Mass Casualty Incident 42
6. Rapid Assessment and Early Treatment 45
Devendra Richhariya
• Benefits of Rapid Assessment 45 • Steps for Rapid Assessment and Early Treatment 45
• Clinical Quality Indicators for Rapid Assessment 46 • Implementation of Rapid Assessment and Early
Treatment (Sepsis, Stroke, and Trauma) 47
CONTENTS
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xxiiCONTENTS
7. Patient Safety and Quality in Emergency Department 49
Saravana Kumar
• Background of Emergency Department 49 • Approach to Quality Issues in the Emergency
Department 50 • Adverse Events in the Emergency Department 50 • Safety Practice and
Implementation Strategy 50 • Clinical Audit 53 • Fishbone Analysis for Quality Improvement in
Emergency Department 53
8. Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) and Waste 55
KV Sarma, Devendra Richhariya
• Classification of Hazardous Material 55 • Storage and Transportation of Hazardous
Materials 57 • Safe use of Hazardous Material 57 • Chemical Spill and Decontamination 58
• Hazardous Waste and Segregation 58 • Degree of Hazard Identification for Hazardous
Materials 59 • Hazardous Material Safety Booklet 59 • Performance Standards and Performance
Improvement 60 • Personal Protective Equipment in Hazardous Material Incidents 60
9. Infection Prevention in Emergency Department 63
Josephine Cyrill, Angelika Masih
• Adherence to Standard Infection Control Precautions 63 • Predetection and Triage
Management 64 • Transmission-based Precautions 64 • Disinfection and Sterilization of Reusable
Medical Devices 65 • Device-associated Infections 65 • Education and Training 66
10. Personal Protective Equipment 68
TV Ramakrishnan, Akilan Elangovan
• Standard Precautions 68 • Personal Protective Equipment 68 • Hand Hygiene 68
• Types of Personal Protective Equipment Used in Healthcare Settings 68 • Donning and Doffing
Personal Protective Equipment 70 • Selecting the Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment for
Healthcare Workers 74 • Transmission-based Precautions 74 • Levels of Personal Protective
Equipment and Types of Precautions for Infection Control 75 • Optimizing Personal Protective
Equipment Usage during Crisis 75 • Decontamination of Personal Protective Equipment for
Reuse 75 • Limitations of Personal Protective Equipment 76 • Regulations and Efficiency of
Personal Protective Equipment Usage 76
SECTION 2: RECENT CONCEPTS IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE
11. Research Methodology 80
Padam Singh, Pooja Sharma, Manish K Singh
• Literature Review 80 • Formulating a Research Question 80 • Essentials of
Biostatistics 80 • Research Designs 82 • Sample Size 84 • Statistical Analysis 86
• Test of Significance for Population Mean (μ) 86 • Test for Proportions 88 • Other Commonly used
Tests 88 • Statistical Software 88 • How to Read a Scientific Paper 88
12. Transforming Emergency Department with Digital Technology 91
Rajesh Kumar Gupta
• Ambulance Management 91 • Check-in at Emergency Room 93 • Triage 93
• Clinical Documentation 93 • Initiating a Care Protocol 95 • Discharge Home or Transfer to
Inpatient Department 96 • Emergency Room Admin Dashboard 96 • Technology Hand in Hand
with Emergency Room 97
13. Advanced and Future Technology in the Emergency Department 99
Devendra Richhariya
• Online Check-in 99 • Patient Flow Software 99 • Real-time
Locating System 99 • Miniaturization of Imaging and Diagnostic
Equipment 99 • Telemedicine 101 • Barcode Scanner 101
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Author information

Devendra Richhariya MBBS MD FICM MBA
Head of Emergency Department, Reliance Industries Limited, India

Bhawana Sharma MBBS DNB IDCC
Consultant in Critical Care Medicine, Medanta - The Medicity, India