Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease, 3E

SECTION 1: ARTHRITIS
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
4 Introduction to Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

EROSIVE
10 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial Skeleton
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
16 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and Elbow
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
22 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and Hand
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
28 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Hip
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
32 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
36 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and Foot
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
40 Robust Rheumatoid Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
41 Felty Syndrome
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
42 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
48 Adult Still Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

PRODUCTIVE
50 Osteoarthritis of Axial Skeleton
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
54 DISH
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
60 OPLL
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
64 Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis
66 Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and Elbow
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
70 Osteoarthritis of Wrist and Hand
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
74 Osteoarthritis of Hip
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
80 Osteoarthritis of Knee
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
MIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE
86 Ankylosing Spondylitis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

92 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
98 Psoriatic Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
104 Chronic Reactive Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

DUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR
DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE

110 Gout
Eva M. Escobedo, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, and
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR
116 Pyrophosphate Arthropathy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
122 Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
128 Amyloid Deposition
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
134 Hemochromatosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
135 Ochronosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
136 Wilson Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
137 Oxalosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

MISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS

138 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
144 Intraarticular Chondroma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
148 Nodular Synovitis (Intraarticular)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
152 Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
153 Synovial Vascular Malformation
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
154 Synovial Chondromatosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
160 Charcot (Neuropathic)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
166 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
172 Complex Regional Pain Syndr
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

SECTION 2: OSSEOUS TUMORS AND
TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

180 Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and Biopsy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
188 Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-Up
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
BONE-FORMING TUMORS
194 Enostosis (Bone Island)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
198 Osteoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
204 Osteoid Osteoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
210 Osteoblastoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
216 Conventional Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
222 Parosteal Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
228 Periosteal Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
232 Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
236 Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
240 High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
242 Secondary Osteosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
CARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS
246 Enchondroma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
252 Osteochondroma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
258 Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
264 Chondroblastoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
268 Chondromyxoid Fibroma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
272 Periosteal Chondroma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
278 Chondrosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
284 Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
286 Periosteal Chondrosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
288 Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

MARROW TUMORS
290 Plasmacytoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR and Chris Hanrahan, MD,
PhD
296 Multiple Myeloma
Chris Hanrahan, MD, PhD
302 POEMS
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
304 Ewing Sarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
310 Leukemia: Osseous Manifestations
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
314 Lymphoma of Bone
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
320 Metastases: Bone Marrow
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
OTHER OSSEOUS TUMORS
326 Desmoplastic Fibroma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
330 Del_Liposclerosing Myxofibrous Tumor
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
332 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
336 Fibrosarcoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
338 Intraosseous Lipoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
342 Giant Cell Tumor
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
348 Adamantinoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
352 Hemangioma: Intraosseous
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
358 Epithelioid Hemangioma
362 Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Bone
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
364 Angiosarcoma: Osseous
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
368 Chordoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS
372 Paget Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
378 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
384 Fibrous Dysplasia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
390 Osteofibrous Dysplasia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
396 Simple Bone Cyst
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
402 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
408 Fibroxanthoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

TUMORS
BENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS
430 Lipoma: Soft Tissue
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
436 Lipomatosis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
442 Lipomatosis: Nerve
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
446 Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
450 Lipoma Arborescens: Knee
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
454 Lipoblastoma/Lipoblastomatosis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
456 Hibernoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
460 Parosteal Lipoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
INTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS
464 Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated
Liposarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
MALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS
468 Myxoid Liposarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
472 Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
473 Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS
BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS
474 Nodular and Proliferative Fasciitis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD

475 Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous
Proliferation
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
476 Elastofibroma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
480 Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
481 Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
482 Fibromatosis Colli
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
483 Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
484 Fibroma of Tendon Sheath
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
488 Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
490 Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
492 Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic Ossification
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE)
FIBROUS TUMORS
498 Superficial Fibromatoses
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
502 Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS
508 Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Hemangiopericytoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
514 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
518 Infantile Fibrosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
MALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS
520 Fibrosarcoma: Soft Tissue
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
524 Myxofibrosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
528 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
530 Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
534 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS
BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS
538 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Extraarticular
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR

544 Diffuse-Type Giant Cell Tumor (Extraarticular PVNS)
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
546 Deep Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
MALIGNANT FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS
548 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma With
Prominent Inflammation
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS
SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN
550 Leiomyoma: Superficial and Deep
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT
554 Leiomyosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
PERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS
560 Glomus Tumor
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
564 Angioleiomyoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS
SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN
566 Rhabdomyoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT
568 Rhabdomyosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORS
BENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS
574 Vascular Malformations
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
580 Hemangioma
584 Angiomatosis
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
586 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
590 Lymphangioma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
VASCULAR TUMORS
594 Kaposi Sarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
598 Hemangioendothelioma: Soft Tissue
Catherine C. Roberts, MD

MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS
600 Angiosarcoma: Soft Tissue
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
CHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS
604 Chondroma: Soft Tissue
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
606 Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
608 Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION
BENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN
DIFFERENTIATION
612 Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor
614 Myxoma
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
INTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY
METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN
DIFFERENTIATION
620 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
622 Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
MALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN
DIFFERENTIATION
624 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
628 Synovial Sarcoma
Stephanie Bernard, MD, Catherine C. Roberts, MD, and
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR
634 Epithelioid Sarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
638 Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
642 PNET/Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
NONNEOPLASTIC
644 Morton Neuroma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
648 Traumatic Neuroma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
NEUROFIBROMA
650 Neurofibroma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR

SCHWANNOMA
656 Schwannoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,
FACR
MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH
TUMOR
662 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS
666 Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
668 Rheumatoid Nodule
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
672 Metastases: Soft Tissue
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
676 Melanoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS
682 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/Inflammation
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
686 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Vascular
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
690 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal Disease
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
694 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Other
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
700 Xanthoma
Catherine C. Roberts, MD
SECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES
GENERAL
706 Arthrogryposis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
707 Amniotic Band Syndrome
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
708 Cerebral Palsy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
709 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
710 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
711 Muscular Dystrophy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
712 Neurofibromatosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
718 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
724 Turner Syndrome
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
UPPER EXTREMITY
725 Glenoid Hypoplasia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

726 Madelung Deformity
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
730 Ulnar Variance
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
LOWER EXTREMITY
734 Developmental Dysplasia of Hip
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
740 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
746 Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
750 Osgood-Schlatter Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
751 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
752 Blount Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
754 Pes Planus (Flatfoot)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
760 Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
764 Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot)
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
765 Pes Cavus
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
766 Tarsal Coalition
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
SECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS
SKELETAL DYSPLASIA
DWARFISM DYSPLASIA
774 Introduction to Dwarfing Dysplasias
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
778 Achondroplasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
782 Pseudoachondroplasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
783 Achondrogenesis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
784 Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
786 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of Jeune
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
787 Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld)
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
788 Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
792 Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
NONDWARFING DYSPLASIAS
796 Ollier Disease
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
800 Maffucci Syndrome
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA

801 Chondrodysplasia Punctata
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
802 Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
803 Caffey Disease
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
804 Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome)
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
SCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS
806 Melorheostosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
810 Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
814 Osteopetrosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
820 Pycnodysostosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
824 Osteitis Condensans
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
826 Osteitis Pubis: Non-Traumatic Origin
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
828 Intramedullary Osteosclerosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
829 Other Sclerosing Conditions of Bone
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
SECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH
MSK INVOLVEMENT
GENERAL
832 Complications of Paraplegia
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,
MD, PhD, FACR
836 Acroosteolysis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
840 Sickle Cell Anemia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
846 Thalassemia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
852 Myelofibrosis
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR, and Stephanie Bernard, MD
856 Hemophilia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
862 Diabetes
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
868 HIV/AIDS
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
874 Sarcoidosis: Bone
Sandra Moore, MD
878 Sarcoidosis: Muscle
Sandra Moore, MD
880 Sarcoidosis: Joint
Sandra Moore, MD
881 Sarcoidosis: Soft Tissue
Sandra Moore, MD

882 Mastocytosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
884 Tuberous Sclerosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
STORAGE DISORDERS
888 Gaucher Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
892 Mucopolysaccharidoses
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
894 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
898 Systemic Sclerosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
902 Inflammatory Myopathy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
908 Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
909 Homocystinuria
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
910 Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
912 Erdheim-Chester Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
SOFT TISSUE DISORDERS
914 Denervation Hypertrophy
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
VASCULAR
916 Embolic Disease
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
917 Meningococcemia
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
SECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR
ARTHRODESIS
ARTHROPLASTIES AND ARTHRODESIS
920 Introduction to Arthroplasties
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
928 Hip Implant
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
934 Revision Arthroplasty
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
938 Knee Implant
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
944 Shoulder Implant
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
948 Elbow Implant
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
950 Ankle Implant
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
952 Ankle Arthrodesis
Julia R. Crim, MD

954 Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and Toes
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
INTERNAL FIXATION
960 Hallux Valgus Corrections
Julia R. Crim, MD
962 Intramedullary Nail/Rod
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,
MD, MBA
966 Plate Fixation
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,
MD, MBA
970 Screw Fixation
Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,
MD, MBA
976 Cement and Bone Fillers
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
982 Wire/Cerclage/Cable Fixation
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
983 Anchoring Devices
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
SECTION 8: INFECTION
OSTEOMYELITIS
986 Acute Osteomyelitis: Child
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
990 Acute Osteomyelitis: Adult
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
996 Spinal Infections
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1002 Chronic Osteomyelitis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
SOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS
1006 Septic Arthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1012 Infectious Tenosynovitis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1013 Infectious Bursitis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1014 Soft Tissue Infection
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1018 Necrotizing Fasciitis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
SPECIFIC PATHOGENS
1020 Tuberculosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1026 Fungal Infection
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1027 Brucellosis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1028 Madura Foot
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1029 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

Syphilis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1032 Polio
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1033 Parasitic Infection
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
CONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY
1034 SAPHO
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1035 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
SECTION 9: BONE MARROW
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN
1038 Marrow Distribution: Normal
Sandra Moore, MD
1042 Increased or Decreased Marrow Cellularity
Sandra Moore, MD
1048 Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and Replacement
Sandra Moore, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1054 Focal Marrow Infiltration and Replacement
Sandra Moore, MD
SECTION 10: BONE MARROW EDEMA
AND NECROSIS
BONE MARROW EDEMA
1060 Transient Bone Marrow Edema and Regional
Migratory Osteoporosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
OSTEONECROSIS
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
1062 Introduction to Osteonecrosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1066 Bone Infarct
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1070 Osteonecrosis of Hip
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
1076 Osteonecrosis of Shoulder
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1077 Osteonecrosis of Knee
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1078 Osteonecrosis of Wrist
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
1082 Osteonecrosis of Ankle and Foot
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
1086 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Brady K. Huang, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, and
Stephanie Bernard, MD

SECTION 11: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
1094 Introduction to Metabolic Bone Disease
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
DISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS
1100 Hyperparathyroidism
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1106 Osteomalacia and Rickets
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1110 Renal Osteodystrophy
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
1116 Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic Calcification
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1117 Dialysis-Related Disease, Spondyloarthropathy
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1118 Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- and
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
OSTEOPOROSIS
1120 Primary Osteoporosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1124 Disuse Osteoporosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1125 Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1126 Anorexia
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,
MD, PhD, FACR
1127 Osteoporosis: Other Causes
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
PITUITARY DISORDERS
1128 Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly and Growth
Hormone Deficiency
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
THYROID DISEASE
1130 Hypothyroidism and Cretinism
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1132 Hyperthyroidism
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1133 Thyroid Acropachy
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
MISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS
1134 Hypophosphatasia
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1136 Cushing Syndrome
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA
1137 Tumoral (Idiopathic) Calcinosis
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and Cheryl A.
Petersilge, MD, MBA

SECTION 12: DRUG-INDUCED AND
NUTRITIONAL MSK CONDITIONS
DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY
1140 Medications
1144 Warfarin (Coumadin): Complications
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1145 Alcohol
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
DRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS
1146 Substance Abuse
1150 Anticonvulsants
1154 Corticosteroids
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1155 Bisphosphonates
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,
PhD, FACR
1156 Prostaglandins
1157 Hypervitaminosis A and Retinoids
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1158 Vitamin D
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1159 Retinoid-Associated Osteoarthritis
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1160 Statins
1164 Metals and Minerals
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1165 Fluoride: Complications
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1166 Voriconazole
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
1167 Quinolones
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY
1168 Scurvy
B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

By Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR, Professor of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Donna G Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, Professor of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin and Stephanie Bernard, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania